Struvite crystallization (2)

  • The formation of crystals follows two chemical stages:
    1. Nucleation (crystal birth)
    2. Crystal growth
  • Important factors for crystallization (Shih and Yan, 2016):
    • NH4+:PO43−:Mg2+ molar ratio
    • supersaturation
    • pH
    • temperature
    • presence of foreign ions
    • mixing
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